组件创建
首先要强调的一点是:这里的组件创建不是创建组件的构造函数,创建组件的构造函数是在组件注册中完成的,而是创建组件vnode。
开始创建组件的时机
当已经完成组件注册后,等到创建vnode时,执行_createElement 方法。
export function _createElement (
context: Component,
tag?: string | Class<Component> | Function | Object,
data?: VNodeData,
children?: any,
normalizationType?: number
): VNode | Array<VNode> {
// ...
let vnode, ns
if (typeof tag === 'string') {
let Ctor
ns = (context.$vnode && context.$vnode.ns) || config.getTagNamespace(tag)
if (config.isReservedTag(tag)) {
// platform built-in elements
vnode = new VNode(
config.parsePlatformTagName(tag), data, children,
undefined, undefined, context
)
} else if (isDef(Ctor = resolveAsset(context.$options, 'components', tag))) {
// component
vnode = createComponent(Ctor, data, context, children, tag)
} else {
// unknown or unlisted namespaced elements
// check at runtime because it may get assigned a namespace when its
// parent normalizes children
vnode = new VNode(
tag, data, children,
undefined, undefined, context
)
}
} else {
// direct component options / constructor
vnode = createComponent(tag, data, context, children)
}
// ...
}
## createComponent
通过`createComponent`则创建`vnode`,定义在`src/core/vdom/create-component.js`中,不过这部分代码比较复杂,所以只选择一些核心的部分进行分析。分为三个步骤:构造子类构造函数,安装组件钩子函数和实例化 `vnode`。
### 构造子类构造函数
```js
// _base是Vue构造函数
const baseCtor = context.$options._base
// plain options object: turn it into a constructor
// 如果Ctor不是一个构造函数 而是一个选项对象
// 通过Vue.extend来创建一个子组件的构造函数
if (isObject(Ctor)) {
Ctor = baseCtor.extend(Ctor)
}我们在编写一个组件的时候,通常都是创建一个普通对象,还是以我们的 App.vue 为例,代码如下:
import HelloWorld from './components/HelloWorld'
export default {
name: 'app',
components: {
HelloWorld
}
}这个文件最终导出的是一个对象,所以会相对应地进入Ctor = baseCtor.extend(Ctor)的逻辑,注意为什么这里context.$options._base可以拿到Vue构造函数呢?因为在initGlobalAPI中有Vue.options._base = Vue。其次在src/core/instance/init.js 里 _init 函数中做了options的合并操作
vm.$options = mergeOptions(
resolveConstructorOptions(vm.constructor),
options || {},
vm
)这个操作把Vue上的一些option扩展到vm.$options,vm.$options._base可以拿到Vue构造函数。
再来看下Vue.extend 函数的定义,在 src/core/global-api/extend.js 中。
/**
* Class inheritance
*/
Vue.extend = function (extendOptions: Object): Function {
extendOptions = extendOptions || {}
const Super = this
const SuperId = Super.cid
const cachedCtors = extendOptions._Ctor || (extendOptions._Ctor = {})
if (cachedCtors[SuperId]) {
return cachedCtors[SuperId]
}
const name = extendOptions.name || Super.options.name
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && name) {
validateComponentName(name)
}
const Sub = function VueComponent (options) {
this._init(options)
}
Sub.prototype = Object.create(Super.prototype)
Sub.prototype.constructor = Sub
Sub.cid = cid++
Sub.options = mergeOptions(
Super.options,
extendOptions
)
Sub['super'] = Super
// For props and computed properties, we define the proxy getters on
// the Vue instances at extension time, on the extended prototype. This
// avoids Object.defineProperty calls for each instance created.
if (Sub.options.props) {
initProps(Sub)
}
if (Sub.options.computed) {
initComputed(Sub)
}
// allow further extension/mixin/plugin usage
Sub.extend = Super.extend
Sub.mixin = Super.mixin
Sub.use = Super.use
// create asset registers, so extended classes
// can have their private assets too.
ASSET_TYPES.forEach(function (type) {
Sub[type] = Super[type]
})
// enable recursive self-lookup
if (name) {
Sub.options.components[name] = Sub
}
// keep a reference to the super options at extension time.
// later at instantiation we can check if Super's options have
// been updated.
Sub.superOptions = Super.options
Sub.extendOptions = extendOptions
Sub.sealedOptions = extend({}, Sub.options)
// cache constructor
cachedCtors[SuperId] = Sub
return Sub
}Vue.extend 的作用就是通过原型继承的方式构造一个 Vue 的子类Sub,并且对Sub扩展了一些属性,比如options,添加全局API等,并且对配置中的 props 和 computed做了初始化工作;最后对于这个 Sub 构造函数做了缓存,避免多次执行 Vue.extend 的时候对同一个子组件重复构造。这样当我们去实例化 Sub 的时候,就会执行 this._init 逻辑再次走到了 Vue 实例的初始化逻辑,实例化子组件的逻辑在之后的章节会介绍,在patch一节中也有介绍子组件实例化的入口。
const Sub = function VueComponent (options) {
this._init(options)
}安装组件钩子函数
在初始化一个 Component 类型的 VNode 的过程中实现了几个钩子函数
const componentVNodeHooks = {
init (vnode: VNodeWithData, hydrating: boolean): ?boolean {
if (
vnode.componentInstance &&
!vnode.componentInstance._isDestroyed &&
vnode.data.keepAlive
) {
// kept-alive components, treat as a patch
const mountedNode: any = vnode // work around flow
componentVNodeHooks.prepatch(mountedNode, mountedNode)
} else {
const child = vnode.componentInstance = createComponentInstanceForVnode(
vnode,
activeInstance
)
child.$mount(hydrating ? vnode.elm : undefined, hydrating)
}
},
prepatch (oldVnode: MountedComponentVNode, vnode: MountedComponentVNode) {
const options = vnode.componentOptions
const child = vnode.componentInstance = oldVnode.componentInstance
updateChildComponent(
child,
options.propsData, // updated props
options.listeners, // updated listeners
vnode, // new parent vnode
options.children // new children
)
},
insert (vnode: MountedComponentVNode) {
const { context, componentInstance } = vnode
if (!componentInstance._isMounted) {
componentInstance._isMounted = true
callHook(componentInstance, 'mounted')
}
if (vnode.data.keepAlive) {
if (context._isMounted) {
// vue-router#1212
// During updates, a kept-alive component's child components may
// change, so directly walking the tree here may call activated hooks
// on incorrect children. Instead we push them into a queue which will
// be processed after the whole patch process ended.
queueActivatedComponent(componentInstance)
} else {
activateChildComponent(componentInstance, true /* direct */)
}
}
},
destroy (vnode: MountedComponentVNode) {
const { componentInstance } = vnode
if (!componentInstance._isDestroyed) {
if (!vnode.data.keepAlive) {
componentInstance.$destroy()
} else {
deactivateChildComponent(componentInstance, true /* direct */)
}
}
}
}
const hooksToMerge = Object.keys(componentVNodeHooks)
function installComponentHooks (data: VNodeData) {
const hooks = data.hook || (data.hook = {})
for (let i = 0; i < hooksToMerge.length; i++) {
const key = hooksToMerge[i]
const existing = hooks[key]
const toMerge = componentVNodeHooks[key]
if (existing !== toMerge && !(existing && existing._merged)) {
hooks[key] = existing ? mergeHook(toMerge, existing) : toMerge
}
}
}
function mergeHook (f1: any, f2: any): Function {
const merged = (a, b) => {
// flow complains about extra args which is why we use any
f1(a, b)
f2(a, b)
}
merged._merged = true
return merged
}整个 installComponentHooks 的过程就是把 componentVNodeHooks 的钩子函数合并到 data.hook 中,在 VNode 执行 patch 的过程中执行相关的钩子函数,具体的执行我们稍后在介绍 patch 过程中会详细介绍。这里要注意的是合并策略,在合并过程中,如果某个时机的钩子已经存在 data.hook 中,那么通过执行 mergeHook 函数做合并,这个逻辑很简单,就是在最终执行的时候,依次执行这两个钩子函数即可。
实例化 VNode
const name = Ctor.options.name || tag
const vnode = new VNode(
`vue-component-${Ctor.cid}${name ? `-${name}` : ''}`,
data, undefined, undefined, undefined, context,
{ Ctor, propsData, listeners, tag, children },
asyncFactory
)
return vnode最后一步非常简单,通过 new VNode 实例化一个 vnode 并返回。需要注意的是和普通元素节点的 vnode 不同,组件的 vnode 是没有 children 的,这点很关键,在之后的 patch 过程中我们会再提。